-
Periodontology 2000 Feb 2024Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been characterized as a regenerative biomaterial that is fully resorbed within a typical 2-3 week period. Very recently, however, a... (Review)
Review
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been characterized as a regenerative biomaterial that is fully resorbed within a typical 2-3 week period. Very recently, however, a novel heating process was shown to extend the working properties of PRP/PRF from a standard 2-3 week period toward a duration of 4-6 months. Numerous clinicians have now utilized this extended-PRF (e-PRF) membrane as a substitute for collagen barrier membranes in various clinical applications, such as guided tissue/bone regeneration. This review article summarizes the scientific work to date on this novel technology, including its current and future applications in periodontology, implant dentistry, orthopedics and facial aesthetics. A systematic review was conducted investigating key terms including "Bio-Heat," "albumin gel," "albumin-PRF," "Alb-PRF," "extended-PRF," "e-PRF," "activated plasma albumin gel," and "APAG" by searching databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed. Findings from preclinical studies demonstrate that following a simple 10-min heating process, the transformation of the liquid plasma albumin layer into a gel-like injectable albumin gel extends the resorption properties to at least 4 months according to ISO standard 10 993 (subcutaneous animal model). Several clinical studies have now demonstrated the use of e-PRF membranes as a replacement for collagen membranes in GTR/GBR procedures, closing lateral windows in sinus grafting procedures, for extraction site management, and as a stable biological membrane during recession coverage procedures. Furthermore, Alb-PRF may also be injected as a regenerative biological filler that lasts extended periods with advantages in joint injections, osteoarthritis and in the field of facial aesthetics. This article highlights the marked improvement in the stability and degradation properties of the novel Alb-PRF/e-PRF technology with its widespread future potential use as a potential replacement for collagen membranes with indications including extraction site management, GBR procedures, lateral sinus window closure, recession coverage among others, and further highlights its use as a biological regenerative filler for joint injections and facial aesthetics. It is hoped that this review will pioneer future opportunities and research development in the field, leading to further progression toward more natural and less costly biomaterials for use in medicine and dentistry.
Topics: Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Humans; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Membranes, Artificial
PubMed: 37986559
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12537 -
International Journal of Biological... 2021Both osteoblasts and preosteoclasts contribute to the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, regulating bone regeneration. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a glycoside of...
Both osteoblasts and preosteoclasts contribute to the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, regulating bone regeneration. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a glycoside of cycloartane-type triterpene derived from the Chinese herb , exhibits various biological activities, including stimulating angiogenesis and attenuating ischemic-hypoxic injury. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of AS-IV in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone regeneration remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found that AS-IV treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis, preserved preosteoclasts, and enhanced platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced angiogenesis. Additionally, AS-IV promoted cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The activation of AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling was found to contribute to the effects of AS-IV on osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, AS-IV accelerated bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis (DO), as evidenced from the improved radiological and histological manifestations and biomechanical parameters, accompanied by enhanced angiogenesis within the distraction zone. In summary, AS-IV accelerates bone regeneration during DO, by enhancing osteogenesis and preosteoclast-induced angiogenesis simultaneously, partially through AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. These findings reveal that AS-IV may serve as a potential bioactive molecule for promoting the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and imply that AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling may be a promising therapeutic target for patients during DO treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Regeneration; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Models, Animal; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saponins; Triterpenes
PubMed: 33994865
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57681 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Nov 2015Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the... (Review)
Review
Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the medical community. Current treatments center on metal implants for structural and mechanical support and auto- or allo-grafts to substitute long bone defects. Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections. Bone grafts suffer from donor site morbidity, reduced bioactivity, and risk of pathogen transmission. Surgical implants can be modified to provide vital biological cues, growth factors and cells in order to improve osseointegration and repair of bone defects. Here we review strategies and technologies to engineer metal surfaces to promote osseointegration with the host tissue. We also discuss strategies for modifying implants for cell adhesion and bone growth via integrin signaling and growth factor and cytokine delivery for bone defect repair.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Regeneration; Bone-Implant Interface; Cytokines; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Polymers; Surface Properties; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 25861724
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.013 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Bone is an important tissue which is a structural body component, carrying out the roles of mechanical stress response and organ/tissue protection [...].
Bone is an important tissue which is a structural body component, carrying out the roles of mechanical stress response and organ/tissue protection [...].
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Bone Development; Bone and Bones; Stress, Mechanical; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 37240107
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108761 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Sep 2020Modern surgeries have advanced toward personalized minimal-invasive treatments with a high rate of clinical healing that facilitates the regeneration of tissues. One of... (Review)
Review
The use of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration. A review of histological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometrical, radiological and clinical results in humans.
BACKGROUND
Modern surgeries have advanced toward personalized minimal-invasive treatments with a high rate of clinical healing that facilitates the regeneration of tissues. One of the leading approaches to deliver endogenous plasma- and platelet-derived growth factors is the plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). This narrative review determines the effects of using PRGF in different oral surgical procedures including alveolar ridge augmentation, socket preservation, sinus floor augmentation and periodontal regeneration.
METHODS
For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Researchgate. A combination of the following text words was used to maximize search specificity and sensitivity: "platelet-rich plasma", "PRP", "PRGF", "Platelet-rich growth factor", "socket preservation", "Extraction", "infra-bony pockets", "sinus floor augmentation", "randomized clinical controlled trials", "Alveolar osteitis", "Periodontal regeneration", "guided bone regeneration", "guided tissue regeneration".
RESULTS
Investigations have generally agreed that PRGF can promote and accelerate the healing process. PRGF optimizes the patient's quality of life by reducing pain, swelling and inflammation rate and also accelerates regeneration of soft tissue and bone tissue regeneration as well.
CONCLUSIONS
There is increasing evidence to support the use of PRGF in oral surgical procedures in order to improve the healing processes of the oral soft and hard tissues.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Plasma; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32376297
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151528 -
Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Jan 2021
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Musculoskeletal Development
PubMed: 33295101
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.277 -
BioMed Research International 2020
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Humans
PubMed: 32766310
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6297356 -
Periodontology 2000 Feb 2024Bone grafting is routinely performed in periodontology and oral surgery to fill bone voids. While autogenous bone is considered the gold standard because of its... (Review)
Review
Bone grafting is routinely performed in periodontology and oral surgery to fill bone voids. While autogenous bone is considered the gold standard because of its regenerative properties, allografts and xenografts have more commonly been utilized owing to their availability as well as their differential regenerative/biomechanical properties. In particular, xenografts are sintered at high temperatures, which allows for their slower degradation and resorption rates and/or nonresorbable features. As a result, clinicians have combined xenografts with other classes of bone grafts (most notably allografts and autografts in various ratios) for procedures requiring better long-term stability, such as contour grafting, sinus elevation procedures, and vertical bone augmentations. This review addresses the regenerative properties of each class of bone grafts and then highlights the importance of understanding each of their biomechanical and regenerative properties for clinical applications, including extraction site management, contour augmentation, sinus grafting, and horizontal and vertical augmentation procedures. Thereafter, an introduction toward the novel production of nonresorbable bone allografts (NRBAs) via high-temperature sintering is presented. These NRBAs not only pose the advantage of being more biocompatible than xenografts owing to their origin (human vs. animal bone) but also display nonresorbable properties similar to those of xenografts. Thus, while packaging allografts with xenografts in premixtures specific to various clinical indications has never been permitted owing to cross-species contamination and FDA/CE requirements, the discovery and production of NRBAs allows premixing with standard allografts in various ratios without regulatory restrictions. Therefore, premixtures of allografts with NRBAs can be produced in various ratios for specific indications (e.g., a 1:1 ratio similar to an allograft/xenograft mixture for sinus grafting) without the need for purchasing separate classes of bone grafts. This optimized form of bone grafting could theoretically provide clinicians more precise ratios without the need to purchase separate bone grafts. This review highlights the future potential for simplified and optimized bone grafting in periodontology and implant dentistry.
Topics: Humans; Bone Transplantation; Animals; Bone Regeneration; Allografts; Heterografts; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 37610202
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12517 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Nov 2020A fracture that does not unite in nine months is defined as nonunion. Nonunion is common in fragmented fractures and large bone defects where vascularization is... (Review)
Review
A fracture that does not unite in nine months is defined as nonunion. Nonunion is common in fragmented fractures and large bone defects where vascularization is impaired. The distal third of the tibia, the scaphoid bone or the talus fractures are furthermore prone to nonunion. Open fractures and spinal fusion cases also need special monitoring for healing. Bone tissue regeneration can be attained by autografts, allografts, xenografts and synthetic materials, however their limited availability and the increased surgical time as well as the donor site morbidity of autograft use, and lower probability of success, increased costs and disease transmission and immunological reaction probability of allografts oblige us to find better solutions and new grafts to overcome the cons. A proper biomaterial for regeneration should be osteoinductive, osteoconductive, biocompatible and mechanically suitable. Cytokine therapy, where growth factors are introduced either exogenously or triggered endogenously, is one of the commonly used method in bone tissue engineering. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, which can be divided structurally into two groups as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth differentiation factors (GDFs) and TGFβ, activin, Nodal branch, Mullerian hormone, are known to be produced by osteoblasts and other bone cells and present already in bone matrix abundantly, to take roles in bone homeostasis. BMP family, as the biggest subfamily of TGFβ superfamily, is also reported to be the most effective growth factors in bone and development, which makes them one of the most popular cytokines used in bone regeneration. Complications depending on the excess use of growth factors, and pleiotropic functions of BMPs are however the main reasons of why they should be approached with care. In this review, the Smad dependent signaling pathways of TGFβ and BMP families and their relations and the applications in preclinical and clinical studies will be briefly summarized.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone Regeneration; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Mice; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 32336073
DOI: 10.3906/sag-2003-127 -
Dental Clinics of North America Oct 2017Functional reconstruction of craniofacial defects is a major clinical challenge in craniofacial sciences. The advent of biomaterials is a potential alternative to... (Review)
Review
Functional reconstruction of craniofacial defects is a major clinical challenge in craniofacial sciences. The advent of biomaterials is a potential alternative to standard autologous/allogenic grafting procedures to achieve clinically successful bone regeneration. This article discusses various classes of biomaterials currently used in craniofacial reconstruction. Also reviewed are clinical applications of biomaterials as delivery agents for sustained release of stem cells, genes, and growth factors. Recent promising advancements in 3D printing and bioprinting techniques that seem to be promising for future clinical treatments for craniofacial reconstruction are covered. Relevant topics in the bone regeneration literature exemplifying the potential of biomaterials to repair bone defects are highlighted.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Calcium Phosphates; Ceramics; Facial Bones; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Skull; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 28886771
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.06.003